522 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
522 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
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<h1><center>读写分离</center></h1>
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**作者：行癫（盗版必究）**
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------
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## 一：读写分离部署
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#### 1.环境介绍
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#### 2.读写分离集群部署
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##### A：数据库集群部署（略）
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单主单从；多主多从等均可
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##### B：Mycat部署
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新机器，不需要安装mysql
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安装jdk环境：
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```shell
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[root@mycat ~]# tar xf jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
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[root@mycat ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_211/ /usr/local/java
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```
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设置环境变量：
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```shell
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[root@mycat ~]# vi /etc/profile
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JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
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PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
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export JAVA_HOME PATH
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[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
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[root@mycat ~]# java -version
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java version "1.8.0_211"
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Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
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Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)
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```
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安装mycat：
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```shell
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[root@mycat ~]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190627191042-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
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```
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设置环境变量：
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```shell
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[root@mycat ~]# vi ~/.bash_profile
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PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mycat/bin
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[root@mycat ~]# source ~/.bash_profile
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```
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##### C：数据库部署
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Mysql中添加数据库和账户：
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```shell
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[root@master-1 ~]# mysql -u root -pQianFeng@123
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mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
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Your MySQL connection id is 10
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Server version: 5.7.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
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Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
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affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
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owners.
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Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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mysql> create database shop;
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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mysql> create database bbs;
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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mysql> create database blog;
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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mysql> grant all on shop.* to shop@'%' identified by 'QianFeng@123';
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Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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mysql> grant all on bbs.* to bbs@'%' identified by 'QianFeng@123';
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Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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mysql> grant all on blog.* to blog@'%' identified by 'QianFeng@123';
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Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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```
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注意：
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创建的库跟mycat关联，原则上一个库对应一个项目，根据实际情况创建
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创建的库需要单独授权用户进行管理，用户名和库名根据实际情况决定
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##### D：Mycat配置
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server.xml：Mycat的配置文件，设置账号、参数等
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```shell
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[root@mycat conf]# vim server.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
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<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
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<system>
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<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property>
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<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
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<property name="useSqlStat">0</property>
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<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>
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<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
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<property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>
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<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property>
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<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
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<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
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<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">0</property>
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<property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
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<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
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<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
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<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
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<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
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<property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
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<property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
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</system>
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<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
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<property name="password">123456</property>
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<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
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</user>
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<user name="shop">
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<property name="password">123456</property>
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<property name="schemas">shop</property>
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</user>
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<user name="bbs">
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<property name="password">123456</property>
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<property name="schemas">bbs</property>
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</user>
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<user name="blog">
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<property name="password">123456</property>
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<property name="schemas">blog</property>
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</user>
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</mycat:server>
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```
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注意：
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```shell
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user 用户配置节点
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–name 登录的用户名，也就是连接Mycat的用户名
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–password 登录的密码，也就是连接Mycat的密码
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–schemas 数据库名，这里会和schema.xml中的配置关联，多个用逗号分开，例如需要这个用户需要管理两个数据库db1,db2，则配置db1,db2
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```
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schema.xml：Mycat对应的物理数据库和数据库表的配置
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```shell
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[root@mycat conf]# cat schema.xml
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
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<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
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<schema name="shop" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> </schema>
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<schema name="bbs" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn2"> </schema>
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<schema name="blog" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn3"> </schema>
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<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="shop" />
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<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost2" database="bbs" />
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<dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost3" database="blog" />
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<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
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writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
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<heartbeat>show status like 'wsrep%'</heartbeat>
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<writeHost host="mysql-1" url="mysql-1:3306" user="shop" password="QianFeng@123">
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<readHost host="slave-1" url="slave-1:3306" user="shop" password="QianFeng@123" />
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<readHost host="slave-2" url="slave-2:3306" user="shop" password="QianFeng@123" />
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</writeHost>
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<writeHost host="mysql-2" url="mysql-2:3306" user="shop" password="QianFeng@123">
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<readHost host="slave-1" url="slave-1:3306" user="shop" password="QianFeng@123" />
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<readHost host="slave-2" url="slave-2:3306" user="shop" password="QianFeng@123" />
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</writeHost>
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</dataHost>
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<dataHost name="localhost2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
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writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
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<heartbeat>show status like 'wsrep%'</heartbeat>
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<writeHost host="mysql-1" url="mysql-1:3306" user="bbs" password="QianFeng@123">
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<readHost host="slave-1" url="slave-1:3306" user="bbs" password="QianFeng@123" />
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<readHost host="slave-2" url="slave-1:3306" user="bbs" password="QianFeng@123" />
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</writeHost>
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<writeHost host="mysql-2" url="mysql-2:3306" user="bbs" password="QianFeng@123">
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<readHost host="slave-1" url="slave-1:3306" user="bbs" password="QianFeng@123" />
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<readHost host="slave-2" url="slave-2:3306" user="bbs" password="QianFeng@123" />
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</writeHost>
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</dataHost>
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<dataHost name="localhost3" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
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writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
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<heartbeat>show status like 'wsrep%'</heartbeat>
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<writeHost host="mysql-1" url="mysql-1:3306" user="blog" password="QianFeng@123">
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<readHost host="slave-1" url="slave-1:3306" user="blog" password="QianFeng@123" />
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<readHost host="slave-2" url="slave-1:3306" user="blog" password="QianFeng@123" />
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</writeHost>
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<writeHost host="mysql-2" url="mysql-2:3306" user="blog" password="QianFeng@123">
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<readHost host="slave-1" url="slave-1:3306" user="blog" password="QianFeng@123" />
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<readHost host="slave-2" url="slave-2:3306" user="blog" password="QianFeng@123" />
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</writeHost>
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</dataHost>
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</mycat:schema>
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```
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注意：
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```shell
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balance=1 开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前备用的 writeHost 上。
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wirteType=0 所有写操作发送到第一个writeHost，第一个挂了切换到第二个
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switchType=3 基于MySQL Galera cluster的切换机制，心跳语句为show status like 'wsrep%'
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```
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##### E：启动服务
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```shell
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[root@mycat conf]# mycat start
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Starting Mycat-server...
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[root@mycat conf]# jps
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1494 WrapperSimpleApp
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1528 Jps
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```
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查看端口：
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```shell
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[root@mycat conf]# ss -antpl
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State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
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LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=837,fd=3))
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LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",pid=933,fd=13))
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LISTEN 0 1 127.0.0.1:32000 *:* users:(("java",pid=1494,fd=4))
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LISTEN 0 50 :::37680 :::* users:(("java",pid=1494,fd=57))
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LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=837,fd=4))
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LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",pid=933,fd=14))
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LISTEN 0 50 :::1984 :::* users:(("java",pid=1494,fd=58))
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LISTEN 0 100 :::8066 :::* users:(("java",pid=1494,fd=79))
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LISTEN 0 50 :::32834 :::* users:(("java",pid=1494,fd=59))
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LISTEN 0 100 :::9066 :::* users:(("java",pid=1494,fd=75))
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```
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##### F：客户端测试
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mycat连接测试：
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```shell
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[root@master-1 ~]# mysql -u shop -p123456 -P 8066 -h 10.0.0.47
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mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
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Your MySQL connection id is 1
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Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190627191042 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)
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Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
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affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
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owners.
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Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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mysql> show databases;
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+----------+
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| DATABASE |
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+----------+
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| shop |
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+----------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> use shop
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Database changed
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mysql> create table t1(id int);
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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mysql> show tables;
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+----------------+
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| Tables_in_shop |
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+----------------+
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| t1 |
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+----------------+
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1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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mysql> insert into t1 values(1);
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
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mysql> insert into t1 values(2);
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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```
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从服务数据验证：
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```shell
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[root@slave-2 ~]# mysql -u root -pQianFeng@123
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mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
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Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
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Your MySQL connection id is 7
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Server version: 5.7.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
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Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
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affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
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owners.
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Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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mysql> show databases;
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+--------------------+
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| Database |
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+--------------------+
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| information_schema |
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| mysql |
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| performance_schema |
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| qfcloud |
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| sys |
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+--------------------+
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5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> show databases;
|
|||
|
|
+--------------------+
|
|||
|
|
| Database |
|
|||
|
|
+--------------------+
|
|||
|
|
| information_schema |
|
|||
|
|
| bbs |
|
|||
|
|
| blog |
|
|||
|
|
| mysql |
|
|||
|
|
| performance_schema |
|
|||
|
|
| qfcloud |
|
|||
|
|
| shop |
|
|||
|
|
| sys |
|
|||
|
|
+--------------------+
|
|||
|
|
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> use shop
|
|||
|
|
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
|
|||
|
|
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Database changed
|
|||
|
|
mysql> show tables;
|
|||
|
|
+----------------+
|
|||
|
|
| Tables_in_shop |
|
|||
|
|
+----------------+
|
|||
|
|
| t1 |
|
|||
|
|
+----------------+
|
|||
|
|
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
mysql> select * from t1;
|
|||
|
|
+------+
|
|||
|
|
| id |
|
|||
|
|
+------+
|
|||
|
|
| 1 |
|
|||
|
|
| 2 |
|
|||
|
|
+------+
|
|||
|
|
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 3.Mycat配置文件
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
##### server.xml
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```shell
|
|||
|
|
一：server.xml 配置文件
|
|||
|
|
1.privileges标签
|
|||
|
|
对用户的 schema以及表进行精细化的DML(数据操纵语言)权限控制
|
|||
|
|
<privileges check="false"> </privileges> --check 表示是否开启DML权限检查。默认是关闭。
|
|||
|
|
--dml 顺序说明：insert,update,select,delete
|
|||
|
|
<schema name="db1" dml="0110" >
|
|||
|
|
<table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
|
|||
|
|
<table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table> </schema>
|
|||
|
|
db1的权限是update,select。
|
|||
|
|
tb01的权限是啥都不能干。
|
|||
|
|
tb02的权限是insert,update,select,delete。
|
|||
|
|
其他表默认是udpate,select。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2.system标签
|
|||
|
|
这个标签内嵌套的所有 property 标签都与系统配置有关。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="charset">utf8</property>
|
|||
|
|
字符集
|
|||
|
|
<property name="processors">1</property>
|
|||
|
|
处理线程数量，默认是cpu数量。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="processorBufferChunk">4096</property>
|
|||
|
|
每次读取留的数量，默认4096。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="processorBufferPool">409600</property>
|
|||
|
|
创建共享buffer需要占用的总空间大小。processorBufferChunk*processors*100。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
|
|||
|
|
默认为0。0表示DirectByteBufferPool，1表示ByteBufferArena。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="processorBufferLocalPercent">100</property>
|
|||
|
|
二级共享buffer是processorBufferPool的百分比，这里设置的是百分比。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="sequnceHandlerType">100</property>
|
|||
|
|
全局ID生成方式。(0:为本地文件方式，1:为数据库方式；2:为时间戳序列方式；3:为ZK生成ID；4:为ZK递增ID生成。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="useCompression">1</property>
|
|||
|
|
是否开启mysql压缩协议。1为开启，0为关闭，默认关闭。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="packetHeaderSize">4</property>
|
|||
|
|
指定 Mysql 协议中的报文头长度。默认 4。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="maxPacketSize">16M</property>
|
|||
|
|
指定 Mysql 协议可以携带的数据最大长度。默认 16M。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="idleTimeout">1800000</property>
|
|||
|
|
指定连接的空闲超时时间。某连接在发起空闲检查下，发现距离上次使用超过了空闲时间，那么这个连接会被回收，就是被直接的关闭掉。默认 30 分钟，单位毫秒。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="txIsolation">3</property>
|
|||
|
|
前端连接的初始化事务隔离级别，只在初始化的时候使用，后续会根据客户端传递过来的属性对后端数据库连接进行同步。默认为 REPEATED_READ，设置值为数字默认 3。
|
|||
|
|
READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
|
|||
|
|
READ_COMMITTED = 2;
|
|||
|
|
REPEATED_READ = 3;
|
|||
|
|
SERIALIZABLE = 4;
|
|||
|
|
<property name="sqlExecuteTimeout">300</property>
|
|||
|
|
SQL 执行超时的时间，Mycat 会检查连接上最后一次执行 SQL 的时间，若超过这个时间则会直接关闭这连接。默认时间为 300 秒，单位秒。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="processorCheckPeriod">1000</property>
|
|||
|
|
清理 NIOProcessor 上前后端空闲、超时和关闭连接的间隔时间。默认是 1 秒，单
|
|||
|
|
位毫秒。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="dataNodeIdleCheckPeriod">300000</property>
|
|||
|
|
对后端连接进行空闲、超时检查的时间间隔，默认是 300 秒，单位毫秒。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="dataNodeHeartbeatPeriod">10000</property>
|
|||
|
|
对后端所有读、写库发起心跳的间隔时间，默认是 10 秒，单位毫秒。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
|
|||
|
|
mycat 服务监听的 IP 地址，默认值为 0.0.0.0。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="serverPort">8066</property>
|
|||
|
|
定义 mycat 的使用端口，默认值为 8066。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="managerPort">9066</property>
|
|||
|
|
定义 mycat 的管理端口，默认值为 9066。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6</property>
|
|||
|
|
mycat 模拟的 mysql 版本号，默认值为 5.6 版本，如非特需，不要修改这个值，目前支持设置 5.5,5.6,5.7 版本，其他版本可能会有问题。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property>
|
|||
|
|
是否开启实时统计。1为开启；0为关闭 。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>
|
|||
|
|
是否开启全局表一致性检测。1为开启；0为关闭 。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
|
|||
|
|
分布式事务开关。0为不过滤分布式事务；1为过滤分布式事务；2 为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志。
|
|||
|
|
<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>
|
|||
|
|
默认是65535。 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度
|
|||
|
|
以上举例的属性仅仅是一部分，可以配置的变量很多。
|
|||
|
|
System标签下的属性，一般是上线后，需要根据实际运行的情况，分析后调优的时候进行修改。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. Firewall标签
|
|||
|
|
防火墙的设置，也就是在网络层对请求的地址进行限制，主要是从安全角度来保证Mycat不被匿名IP进行访问
|
|||
|
|
<firewall>
|
|||
|
|
<whitehost>
|
|||
|
|
<host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/>
|
|||
|
|
<host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/>
|
|||
|
|
</whitehost>
|
|||
|
|
<blacklist check="false">
|
|||
|
|
</blacklist>
|
|||
|
|
</firewall>
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
##### schema.xml
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```shell
|
|||
|
|
一：schema.xml
|
|||
|
|
–schema 数据库设置，此数据库为逻辑数据库，name与server.xml中schema对应
|
|||
|
|
–dataNode 分片信息，也就是分库相关配置
|
|||
|
|
–dataHost 物理数据库，真正存储数据的数据库
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1、schema 标签
|
|||
|
|
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="10"> </schema>
|
|||
|
|
schema标签用来定义mycat实例中的逻辑库，mycat可以有多个逻辑库，每个逻辑库都有自己的相关配置。可以使用schema标签来划分这些不同的逻辑库,如果不配置schema标签，所有表的配置会属于同一个默认的逻辑库。逻辑库的概念和MySql的database的概念一样，我们在查询两个不同逻辑库中的表的时候，需要切换到该逻辑库下进行查询。
|
|||
|
|
–name 逻辑数据库名，与server.xml中的schema对应
|
|||
|
|
–checkSQLschema 数据库前缀相关设置，当该值为true时，例如我们执行语句select * from TESTDB.company 。mycat会把语句修改为 select * from company 去掉TESTDB。
|
|||
|
|
–sqlMaxLimit 当该值设置为某个数值时，每条执行的sql语句，如果没有加上limit语句，Mycat会自动加上对应的值。不写的话，默认返回所有的值。需要自己sql语句加limit。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2、dataNode标签
|
|||
|
|
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" />
|
|||
|
|
datanode标签定义了mycat中的数据节点，也就是数据分片。一个datanode标签就是一个独立的数据分片。
|
|||
|
|
localhost1数据库实例上的db1物理数据库，这就组成一个数据分片，最后我们用dn1来标示这个分片。
|
|||
|
|
–name 定义数据节点的名字，这个名字需要唯一。我们在table标签上用这个名字来建立表与分片对应的关系
|
|||
|
|
–dataHost 用于定义该分片属于哪个数据库实例，属性与datahost标签上定义的name对应
|
|||
|
|
–database 用于定义该分片属于数据库实例上 的具体库。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3、dataHost标签
|
|||
|
|
这个标签直接定义了具体数据库实例，读写分离配置和心跳语句。
|
|||
|
|
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
|
|||
|
|
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
|
|||
|
|
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.1.100:3306" user="root" password="123456">
|
|||
|
|
<readHost host="hostS1" url="192.168.1.101:3306" user="root" password="123456" />
|
|||
|
|
</writeHost>
|
|||
|
|
</dataHost>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
–name 唯一标示dataHost标签，供上层使用
|
|||
|
|
–maxCon 指定每个读写实例连接池的最大连接。
|
|||
|
|
–minCon 指定每个读写实例连接池的最小连接，初始化连接池的大小
|
|||
|
|
–balance 负载均称类型
|
|||
|
|
balance=“0”：不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上
|
|||
|
|
balance=“1”：全部的readHost与stand by writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，当双主双从模式（M1-S1，M2-S2 并且M1 M2互为主备），正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
|
|||
|
|
balance=“2”：所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readHost上分发
|
|||
|
|
balance=“3”：所有读请求随机的分发到writeHst对应的readHost执行，writeHost不负担读写压力。
|
|||
|
|
–writeType 负载均衡类型。
|
|||
|
|
writeType=“0”, 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个 writeHost，第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为准，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
|
|||
|
|
writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的 writeHost。1.5以后版本废弃不推荐。
|
|||
|
|
–switchType -1不自动切换
|
|||
|
|
1 默认值 自动切换
|
|||
|
|
2 基于MySql主从同步的状态决定是否切换心跳语句为 show slave status
|
|||
|
|
3 基于mysql galary cluster 的切换机制（适合集群） 心跳语句为 show status like ‘wsrep%’
|
|||
|
|
–dbType 指定后端链接的数据库类型目前支持二进制的mysql协议，还有其他使用jdbc链接的数据库，例如：mongodb，oracle，spark等
|
|||
|
|
–dbDriver 指定连接后段数据库使用的driver，目前可选的值有native和JDBC。使用native的话，因为这个值执行的是二进制的mysql协议，所以可以使用mysql和maridb，其他类型的则需要使用JDBC驱动来支持。
|
|||
|
|
如果使用JDBC的话需要符合JDBC4标准的驱动jar 放到mycat\lib目录下，并检查驱动jar包中包括如下目录结构文件 META-INF\services\java.sql.Driver。 在这个文件写上具体的driver类名，例如com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
|
|||
|
|
writeHost readHost指定后端数据库的相关配置给mycat，用于实例化后端连接池。
|
|||
|
|
–tempReadHostAvailable
|
|||
|
|
如果配置了这个属性 writeHost 下面的 readHost 仍旧可用，默认 0 可配置（0、1）。
|
|||
|
|
1）heartbeat标签
|
|||
|
|
这个标签内指明用于和后端数据库进行心跳检查的语句。
|
|||
|
|
例如：MYSQL 可以使用 select user()，Oracle 可以使用 select 1 from dual 等。
|
|||
|
|
2) writeHost /readHost 标签
|
|||
|
|
这两个标签都指定后端数据库的相关配置，用于实例化后端连接池。唯一不同的是，writeHost 指定写实例、readHost 指定读实例。
|
|||
|
|
在一个 dataHost 内可以定义多个 writeHost 和 readHost。但是，如果 writeHost 指定的后端数据库宕机，那么这个 writeHost 绑定的所有 readHost 都将不可用。
|
|||
|
|
另一方面，由于这个 writeHost 宕机，系统会自动的检测到，并切换到备用的 writeHost 上去。这两个标签的属性相同，这里就一起介绍。
|
|||
|
|
–host 用于标识不同实例，一般 writeHost 我们使用M1，readHost 我们用S1。
|
|||
|
|
–url 后端实例连接地址。Native：地址：端口 JDBC：jdbc的url
|
|||
|
|
–password 后端存储实例需要的密码
|
|||
|
|
–user 后端存储实例需要的用户名字
|
|||
|
|
–weight 权重 配置在 readhost 中作为读节点的权重
|
|||
|
|
–usingDecrypt 是否对密码加密，默认0。
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|